Reassessment of some environmental conditions of Maawa El- Sayadeen squatter area

Reassessment of some environmental conditions of Maawa El-Sayadeen squatter area was carried out during 2000. Due to unplanned urbanization, environmental sanitation has been ignored for several decades resulting in many health, social and economic problems. Maawa El-Sayadeen was chosen by West District officials for environmental and health upgrading in 1995, which depended mainly upon health education in addition to some engineering constructions The environmental conditions and health status were reported before 1995 and after 2000. The reassessment proved that, there was an increase in number of families use tap water inside the house by 29% compared with 1995 assessment. Moreover, number of families using water closets increased by 15%, also wastewater disposal throught public sewers increased by 34%. However, a decrease by 17% in dry areas surrounding the houses was recorded. Solid waste storage improved by 11% although solid waste collection sites decreased by 23%. It is concluded that, after Maawa El-Sayadeen area was exposed to a certain level of environmental upgrading, the environmental conditions of the area were some how better categorized, however, further training programs should be taken into account or stressed including increase of people awareness and strong partnership should be developed with their non governmental organizations

Possibility of reproductive adverse effect of ametryne and/or niclosamide towards male wistar albino rats

To study the risk effect of ametryne and niclosamide towards male reproductive system, 10 weeks old male Wistar albino rats have received daily 1/50 LD50 of ametryne [30 mg/kg bw] and niclosamide [84 mg/kg bw], either individually or in combination for 13 weeks. The results showed neither mortality nor gross adverse effects in the treated males throughout the study period. However, body weight and body weight gain were significantly decreased during the last few weeks of ametryne or combined treatment. Moreover, serum testosterone was significantly decreased after ametryne or combined treatment, while it showed an apparent increase after niclosamide treatment. Percentage of motile sperms showed nonsignificant decrease, while percentage of sperms with morphological abnormalities showed significant increase after niclosamide or combined treatment

Reproductive risk assessment in wistar albino rats exposed to ametryne and niclosamids

This investigation was designed to assess the reproductive risk of using ametryne and/or niclosamide in the environment. Female and male Wistar albino rats received 1/50 KD50 of ametryne and niclosamide either individually or in combination. Females were treated for 2 weeks prior to mating, throughout mating and pregnancy, to day 21 of lactation, while males were treated for 13 weeks prior to mating. Mating was performed between treated/un-treated females and treated/un-treated males. The results showed neither mortality, clinical nor gross adverse effects in the treated animals. In females treated groups, either ametryne or niclosamide treatment significantly reduced mating and fertility indices. Percentage of post-implantation loss increased under the influence of the combined treatment. In male treated groups, mating, fertility and gestation indices were significantly reduced in the niclosamide-treated group while% treated groups. Number of pups at birth and% of pups/litter that post- implantation loss was survived until weaning were significantly decreased after niclosamide treatment while it was increased after combined treatment. Nevertheless, in female and male treated groups, mating, fertility and gestation indices were significantly decreased after niclosamide or combination treatment

Monthly distribution and infection of the snails vectors of schistosomiasis with trematodes larvae in different agricultural water courses located in Beheira governorate

This study was monthly done for one year in small agricultural area in Behaira Governorate. Thirty permanent stations were chosen along primary, secondary and tertiary canals and drains, 5 stations for each. In the area of study, Biomphalaria alexandrina [B. alexandrina] snails were more prevalent than Bulinus truncatus [B. truncatus] snails, although the percentage of infected B. truncatus with different trematodes was 12 times the percentage of infected B. alexandrina snails. These two snail species of schistosomiasis were more dense from March until August during the year of study. B. alexandrina and B. truncatus seemed to be ideal intermediate hosts for holostome cercariae [about 55% of the total infected snails with different trematodes]. Schistosome was the second prevalent cercariae as well as amphistome, xiphidiocercariae, echinostome and monostome. Nevertheless, echinostome was the second prevalent cercariae in B. truncatus, in addition to amphistome, monostome and xiphidiocercariae but not schistosome cercariae. Old size snails of both kinds of schistosomiasis had a higher rate of infection with different trematodes cercariae, then medium followed by young size snails. Schistosoma mansoni [S. mansoni] cercariae were found only in old and medium size B. alexandrina snails. The highest infection with different trematodes larvae among the collected B. alexandrina snails was recorded in secondary and tertiary canals and drains, while for B. truncatus snails it was in primary and secondary canals. Also, the infected B. alexandrina snails with S. mansoni was found only in secondary and tertiary canals and drains. Conclusively, infection of both snails of schistosomiasis with different trematodes, suppress in one way or another the infection with S. mansoni and S. hematobium larvae. Suggestions of using these kinds of trematodes infection for biological control if the snails intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis were discussed

Influence of different means of washing and processing on removing of actellic residue from spinach and eggplant and its in-vivo action on mice hepatic biochemical targets

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different washing solutions on the removal of Actellic residue from fresh and processed vegetables, namely; spinach and eggplant. Also to identify the effect of Actellic residue on the health status of mice when fed these contaminated vegetables. The amount of insecticide residue detected using GLC indicated that tap water, sodium hydroxide solution and - potassium permanganate solution gave high percent removal. However, processing did not remove more than 45% except for grilling of eggplant which removed 88.17%. Meanwhile, changes in some hepatic biological parameters were well recognized in the groups of mice fed contaminated- unwashed either processed or unprocessed vegetables